Duration
3 days
Overview
This is not your traditional SCADA security course! This course teaches hands-on penetration testing techniques used to test embedded electronic field devices, network protocols, RF communications, and controlling servers of ICS and Smart Grid systems like PLCs, RTUs, smart meters, Home Area Networks (HAN), smart appliances, SCADA, substation automation, and synchrophasors. This course is structured around the formal penetration testing methodology created by the National Energy Sector Cybersecurity Organization Resource (NESCOR), a United States Department of Energy project. Using this methodology and SamuraiSTFU (Security Testing Framework for Utilities), an open source Linux distribution for pentesting energy sector systems and other critical infrastructure, we'll perform hands-on penetration testing tasks on embedded electronic field devices, their RF communications, and the myriad of user interfaces used throughout smart grid systems. We’ll tie these techniques and exercises back to the smart grid devices that can be tested using these techniques. We will also do exercises on dissecting and fuzzing smart grid protocols like modbus, DNP3, IEC 61850, ICCP, ZigBee, C37.118, and C12.22. The course exercises will be performed on a mixture of real world and simulated devices to give students the most realistic experience as possible in a portable classroom setting.
Prerequisite
Basic penetration testing experience is desirable, but not required. It is assumed that attendees will have no knowledge of ICS, Smart Grid, SCADA, or critical infrastructure. This course is designed for intermediate level security professionals, be they engineers, technicians, analysts, managers, or penetration testers.
Day 1 – Pentesting ICS Network Protocols
- 1. Introduction to SamuraiSTFU (Security Testing Framework for Utilities)
Setting up the virtual machine
Walk through the tools and functionality
Introduction to the student hardware kits
- 2. Different levels of network communication penetration testing
Testing of network mediums vs network protocols
Where security defenses should be place …… and tested
- 3. Serial communications
RS-485 and RS-232
Modbus RTU
16-bit unsigned registers and single bit coils
Pentesting RF communications between master servers and field devices
Hands-on RF spectrum analysis and signal capture
Spread Spectrum types and strategies
Hands-on signal demodulation with GNU Radio
Hands-on network traffic extraction
Traffic transmission and exploitation
- 4. Pentesting TCP/IP based ICS protocols
Protocol capture and analysis
modbus, DNP3, IEC 61850, ICCP, ZigBee, C37.118, and C12.22
Dealing with unknown protocols
Hands-on entropy analysis of network payloads
Reverse engineering unknown protocols
Hands-on ICS protocol fuzzing
Day 2 – Pentesting ICS Field and Floor Devices
- 1. Pentesting technician interfaces on ICS field and floor devices
- Functional analysis of field technician interfaces
- Hands-on exercise capturing USB communications to tech interfaces
- Hands-on exercise analyzing captured USB communications
- Impersonating endpoints in field tech interface communications
- Hands-on exercises fuzzing AMI Smart Meter c12.18 optical interfaces
- Exploiting vulnerabilities found during analysis
- 2. Analyzing field and floor device firmware
- Obtaining field and floor device firmware
- Hands-on exercise disassembling firmware
- Hands-on exercise analyzing disassembled firmware
- Exploiting firmware flaws
- 3. Overview of pentesting field and floor device embedded circuits
- Local attack through physically exposed devices
- Expanding physical attacks to remote attacks
- Cryptographic keys and firmware
- 4. Analysis of embedded electronics in ICS field and floor devices
- Discussion of device disassembly
- Component analysis on embedded circuits
- Datasheet acquisition and analysis for target components
Day 3 – Pentesting ICS Field and Floor Devices Continued
- 1. Dumping data at rest on embedded circuits
Using the Bus Pirate and other similar tools
Overview of I2C or two-wire serial protocol
Hands-on exercise dumping I2C EEPROMs
Overview of SPI serial protocol
Hands-on exercise dumping SPI EEPROMs
Overview of JTAG
Hands-on exercise interfacing with JTAG
- 2. Bus Snooping on embedded circuits
Overview of bus snooping
Hands-on exercise snooping busses
- 3. Analyzing data obtained from data dumping and bus snooping
Hands-on exercise doing string analysis of datasets
Hands-on exercise doing entropy analysis of datasets
Hands-on exercise doing systematic key searches through datasets
Hands-on exercise doing file carving from datasets
- 4. End-to-end analysis and reporting
Strategies for end-to-end analysis after targeted pentesting
Strategies for reporting and remediation recommendations
Programme scope, delivery arrangements and suitability are confirmed during enquiry.